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肥料按形态分类,固态与液态的分别 - 种植玩家

肥料按形态分类,固态与液态的分别

固态肥料(Granular Fertilizer

固态肥料是制成粒状的干燥肥料,有缓释,控释和速释配方,这些配方设计用于植物不同的生长时间。可以在播种时播入地里,也可以在作物附近混入土里,有些棒状的可直接插入。缓释型肥料(Slow-Release Fertilizer)具有特殊涂层,通常在三到九个月的时间内才能逐渐释放营养。速效肥料(Quick-Release Fertilizer)数周内可释放营养。往往价格较低,但必须更频繁地使用。 

速释颗粒肥料由小的,固态的水溶性颗粒组成。必须在土壤表面撒上或散布颗粒,将其混合到表土中,然后浇水,以使肥料分解并将养分释放到土壤中。这些肥料可提供三到四个星期的营养,因此与液态肥料相比,它们的重施频率更低。但是,由于速释颗粒肥料的分解速度较慢,因此可能需要稍长的时间(通常是一周)来改善植物。 

缓释和控释颗粒肥料由不溶于水的颗粒制成,与液体或速释颗粒品种相比,这些肥料分解并向土壤中释放的养分更加缓慢,可在两到九个月的时间内向土壤提供营养,并在施用后短短两周内改善植物的生长。缓慢的释放减少了烧苗的风险。控释肥料倾向于以可预测的速率释放养分,该速率取决于土壤温度,而缓释肥料中的养分释放速率取决于许多因素,包括土壤温度,湿度和pH值。尽管缓释颗粒肥料比速释肥料稍贵,但随着时间的推移,它们在土壤中的持久力可以为您节省肥料(和金钱)。 

液体肥料(Liquid/Soluble Fertilizer) 

液态肥料是水溶性肥料,应先用水稀释,然后再用软管末端喷雾器或喷壶将其施用到土壤上。这些肥料迅速将其养分释放到土壤中,并且它们通常在施用几天后就改善了植物。但是,由于液态肥料只能在两到三周内向土壤提供营养,因此需要经常重新施用。  

需要大量肥料的蔬菜品种(天气变暖之前,需要肥料很少)这些对固态肥反应良好: 
西兰花、甘蓝、卷心菜、哈密​​瓜、菜花、玉米、黄瓜、茄子、洋葱、辣椒、西红柿、西瓜 

需要中度施肥的蔬菜品种(这些品种更需要良好的排水和保水覆盖。对液态肥料反应都很好): 
甜菜、萝卜、秋葵(羊角豆)、土豆、红薯 

下面这些品种如果在堆肥丰富的土壤中生长,不需要额外肥料。 
芥末菜、豌豆、萝卜