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盆栽花卉的肥料有哪些,有机肥与化肥如何选择? - 种植玩家

盆栽花卉的肥料有哪些,有机肥与化肥如何选择?

肥料是花卉的粮食,施肥可以补充土壤中养分的不足,满足花卉对营养元素的需要。养花究竟需要什么样的肥料呢?肥料分类两种,一种是有机肥,另一种是无机肥。

有机肥

有机肥(Organic fertilizers)包括动物性有机肥和植物性有机肥。

动物性有机肥包括人的粪尿,家禽粪,骨粉,鱼粉等等。植物性有机肥包括豆饼,麻油渣,中药渣,树叶,杂草,米糠等等。这些都是天然肥料,其中含有大量的氮磷钾和少量的微量元素。

有机肥含有丰富的腐殖质,能改良土壤,具有肥效长,肥性柔和的特点,最适合做新肥。但必须注意,有机肥必须经过发酵腐熟后才能使用。否则花卉会被肥料烧死。

化学肥料

无机肥(Synthetic fertilizers)是化学合成物。

包括氮肥,例如硫酸氨,硝酸氨,尿素,氯化氨等。磷肥,例如过磷酸钙,磷矿粉等。钾肥,例如硫酸钾,氯化钾等。还有复合肥,例如磷酸二氢钾等高效肥。草木灰是一种天然无机肥。无机肥的肥效快,但成分单一,肥性不够持久,容易丧失。

有机肥和无机肥各有优缺点,在使用中要扬长避短,交替使用。

在花卉不同的生长阶段,合理掌握氮磷钾的需要量。相互配合,才能使花卉得到合理适量的养分。